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Standard English Conventions Difficulty: Hard

In her 1983 book The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling, sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild first explored at length her conception of a “sociology of emotions”—the idea that the various cultural and ideological frameworks a person has internalized (class, gender, political affiliation, etc.) blank each emotional reaction that person has within a situation.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Explanation

Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement. The plural verb "underlie" agrees in number with the plural subject "frameworks."

Choice A is incorrect because the singular verb "underlies" doesn’t agree in number with the plural subject "frameworks." Choice B is incorrect because the singular verb "is underlying" doesn’t agree in number with the plural subject "frameworks." Choice D is incorrect because the singular verb "has been underlying" doesn’t agree in number with the plural subject "frameworks."